capacity of heat in Biology 101

Scienceblogs is to promote writing of "Science 101" overall post all through the "back to school" from September. So, here's first multi-part series on the heat capacity is Biology:

 Heat capacity in Biology 101: What is it?
Heat capacity is essentially constant proportion. For each substance, heat capacity tells you how much material will change the temperature when you add a specific amount of heat.

capacity of heat in Biology  video

Here's a very nice schematic image of the heat capacity difference between small and large heat capacity (from a website on the physics of the behavior of X-ray tube) note that the temperatures used in the picture are a little outside the temperature range Biologists generally interested, 

but this figure shows the concept is still very good). When you boil water, water temperature stays at 100 degrees Celsius, regardless of how much heat you add, until all boiling away. Heat capacity of water approaching infinity at this point: can the amount of heat absorbed monsters, but temperatures will remain the same. The typical behavior of phase change material is for.

But before you boiling point, water temperatures increase as you add heat. In fact, each milliliter (cubic centimeters) of water one degree Celsius for every calorie of heat to increase your input - and this is in fact defined as calories.

"Thermal capacity" is one thing, "Heat Capacity Change" is something a little different:
When no material changes (eg when the phase change, eg in boiling water, or if through a chemical reaction, change, etc.) as well as their heat capacity change often - and then "change in heat capacity "Or get ΔCp. ("P" here represents the constant pressure - from the biological reactions in almost all standard atmospheric pressure occurs, the thermodynamic state functions used in biology almost always the constant pressure rather than constant volume forms).

Nomenclature Warning: Although the "heat capacity" and "Heat Capacity Change" really different (one is fixed, the other between two fixed) - two words used interchangeably in the literature is often - at least in biology, if Judgement is talking about the heat capacity, it almost always located in the "heat capacity change" speaks.
Protein, protein, protein interactions, protein-DNA binding, etc., all have measurable changes in heat capacity (just like the heat capacity change between liquid measure: So almost any response you may Biology is the study will change the heat capacity of water and gas exhibition) - ie, all the processes and materials with a thermal capacity (raw) before reaction and the reaction of different posts, and the difference between pre and post = ΔCp.Heat capacity and heat capacity changes are the "thermodynamic state functions" - the fundamental properties of a substance or a balanced response system - just like the free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS), among others is.

 capacity of heat in Biology  video-2

Conclusion of Part 1: Wow, you can say (for example) measure the difference in heat capacity of proteins and DNA before and after they bind to each other (drum roll ...) who cares ? (Or as Julia doctor might say: "I am a biologist Jim, why do not you me about the frigging heat capacity to talk?") Well, stay tuned for part two, coming up soon (very soon, because most of us who work on any aspect of the heat capacity know that no connection to the earth or something Molecular, many people like it very warm weather sounds).
Here's a link to a song called heat capacity, which seems to have nothing to do with heat capacity:

Sugars and bacteria killing off coral reefs

Coral reef deaths have been reduced to several factors including water quality, pollution, global warming, over fishing and habitat-specific diseases attributed.  

Now sugar can be added to the list - possibly even as a big player in some parts of the world, said: "David Klein, PhD, post doctoral researcher at STRI.

In fact, research shows that sugar, or dissolved organic carbon (doc), causing overgrowth of bacteria normally in the coral's overgrow corals off and kill. Studies have shown that bacteria in the coral and help their survival.  

The role of bacteria just barely beginning to understand, the doctor Klein access to excellence in an interview called. It was only a few years ago, researchers discovered that different species of coral communities, each distinct from bacteria living in them, and the bacteria are constantly present.
"It seems like the bacteria most likely part of a symbiotic community living within the coral tissue," he said. Many bacteria within the mucus layer on live coral, although some live in the tissues as well. Studies have shown that some bacteria help to help fix nitrogen nutritional needs of the corals, while others do coral photosynthesis and help supply the energy. It is possible some of these bacteria serves to protect corals from other, harmful bacteria, the doctor said Klein.

However, the doctor Klein in Research shows that the problem occurs when bacteria normally present in coral populations grow out of control. "If the system is out of balance - let's say, adding the sugar too simple - and bacteria begin to grow too quickly, 

killing off coral reefs video

so it breaks down the balance of bacteria is probably interest is growing so quickly that they could actually end up killing. Coral, "he said.
Study in the Caribbean in which a small sample of nearly 400 coral harvesting was done. Each in a separate container in the laboratory doctor Klein was placed. Custom containers were specifically made for this. Different chemicals were added to each sample to see which ones had adverse effects. "When I tested a full set of chemicals commonly found in dirt, with one of the most devastating effects on the corals were simple sugars,

" he said.Follow-up tests showed that normal, healthy corals, bacterial growth rate is controlled. "But when they are around all the sugars they begin to grow out of control to such high levels that they're finally dying," he said. Bacteria may be using all local oxygen causes corals to choke. Even worse, some bacteria may produce toxins, and when the bacteria levels can be abnormally high resistance to coral are toxic and have been poisoned.
Where do I come sugar? Most of the untreated sewage that runs into the ocean, and fertilizers away from land and into water, the doctor said Klein. "Nearly 90% of sewage produced in the Caribbean received no treatment --.. what it just ocean and reefs in many areas close to towns and villages where there are no sewage treatment at all They have no really high level of wastewater treatment simple sugars, "he said.
Role in killing off the algae, corals play. Pollutants containing nitrates and phosphates (commonly found in fertilizers and sewage) to trigger the flow of the ocean and algae population growing more rapidly. Algae is its energy from photosynthesis, glucose is the main product - a simple sugar. Thus, simple sugars produced by the algae to grow too much bacteria, which in turn kills off coral add.

killing off coral reefs videos

"And as the corals die, there is more space for more algae and algae, and more sugar there, and the cycle is completed is really bad," Klein said the doctor. In the past two decades, there has been a shift from coral dominated to algal dominated in the Caribbean that many mirrors human population growth in coastal villages, and pollutants associated with increased fishing